Tree sparrow6/7/2023 Though found in widely varied habitats and climates, it typically avoids extensive woodlands, grasslands, and deserts away from human development. The house sparrow is strongly associated with human habitation, and can live in urban or rural settings. Its intentional or accidental introductions to many regions, including parts of Australasia, Africa, and the Americas, make it the most widely distributed wild bird. One of about 25 species in the genus Passer, the house sparrow is native to most of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, and a large part of Asia. Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, and males have brighter black, white, and brown markings. It is a small bird that has a typical length of 16 cm (6.3 in) and a mass of 24–39.5 g (0.85–1.39 oz). The house sparrow ( Passer domesticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. In most clutches one egg is lighter and differs in markings from the others.Passer arboreus Bonaparte, 1850 ( preoccupied) They vary considerably, and frequently the markings are massed at one end. The four to six eggs, usually five, are smaller and, as a rule, browner than those of the House Sparrow. A domed nest, like that of the House Sparrow, is sometimes built in the old nest of a Magpie or other bird. The haunts of man are not always shunned, for old thatch in a barn or cottage will shelter a colony. Some of the nests are not actually in holes in rock, but are built among roots of overhanging furze or other bushes. Though occasionally nesting in isolated trees, it is a gregarious bird at all seasons, and a grove of old trees with a plentiful supply of hollows, or a disused quarry, are favourite sites for the colony what it likes is a hole in which to put its untidy nest, composed of hay, grass, wool or other material and lined with feathers. Its voice is more shrill the call is a shorter chip, than the House Sparrow's and the song, consisting of modulated chirps, is musical. The small American population is sometimes referred to as "German Sparrows", to distinguish it from the native species as well as the vast numbers of " English" House Sparrows. In Australia, it is found in some rural and semi-rural districts, but not cities. It used to be considered as the national bird of the Philippines, and locally called maya. The Tree Sparrow is rural in Europe, but replaces its relative as a town bird in parts of Asia. ![]() They are said to be duller, and in the depicted young bird the face pattern is blurred. Young, even in the nest, closely resemble their parents. The legs are pale brown and the irides hazel. In summer the bill is lead-blue, in winter almost black. Two distinct though narrow white bars cross the brown wings. The crown and nape are rich chestnut, and on the white cheeks and ear-coverts there is a triangular black patch the chin and throat are black. The sexes are practically alike, an important specific character. ![]() This 12.5–14 cm long bird is often confused with the larger House Sparrow, but its rich brown, almost coppery head, a black patch on its white cheeks, and a double white wing bar, together its slighter and more graceful build, are distinctive. Changes in farming methods have meant that species is declining in some parts of western Europe. From there, it has slowly expanded its range into Illinois and Missouri. In the United States (where it is known as the Eurasian Tree Sparrow to differentiate it from the native, unrelated American Tree Sparrow), German immigrants introduced it to the area around St. The Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, is spread over most of Europe and Siberia, and allied forms occur in other parts of Asia.
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